Which regulatory body oversees radiation safety in the United States?

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is the primary regulatory body responsible for overseeing radiation safety in the United States. Established in 1975, the NRC's mission includes regulating the nation's civilian use of nuclear material to ensure safety in activities surrounding nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants, and the handling of radioactive materials.

The NRC sets and enforces standards intended to protect public health, safety, and the environment from the potential hazards of radiation. This includes licensing facilities that use radioactive materials, conducting inspections, and enforcing compliance with safety regulations. The agency also plays a crucial role in emergency preparedness and response related to nuclear incidents.

While other agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and Food and Drug Administration, may have roles related to radiation safety in specific contexts—such as environmental protection, workplace safety, or medical applications—they do not have the broad regulatory authority specifically focused on the use of nuclear materials and radiation safety that the NRC possesses. Thus, the NRC is the definitive answer for oversight in this field.