Which of the following radiation types has the greatest penetrating power?

Gamma rays possess the greatest penetrating power among the types of radiation listed. This high level of penetration is due to their nature as electromagnetic radiation with very short wavelengths and high energy. Unlike alpha particles, which are relatively large and positively charged, and beta particles, which are smaller but still charged, gamma rays are uncharged photons that can traverse materials more easily. This makes them capable of passing through tissues and even dense materials like lead and concrete, albeit with some attenuation.

The penetration capability of gamma rays is critical in radiation safety, as it necessitates substantial shielding to protect individuals from exposure. In practical scenarios, while alpha and beta particles can be stopped by materials like paper or skin, gamma rays require heavy shielding, such as lead or thick concrete walls, to significantly reduce their intensity. Understanding the penetrating abilities of different radiation types is essential for implementing effective safety measures in environments where radiation exposure is a concern.