What are the two main types of ionizing radiation?

The two main types of ionizing radiation are alpha and beta particles. Ionizing radiation refers to particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by removing tightly bound electrons. Alpha particles are heavy, positively charged particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons, making them highly ionizing but limited in their ability to penetrate materials; they can be stopped by a sheet of paper or skin. Beta particles, on the other hand, are lighter, negatively charged electrons or positrons that can penetrate more materials than alpha particles but are still relatively limited compared to other forms of radiation.

Both alpha and beta particles play significant roles in radiation safety practices, as they contribute to radiation exposure and require specific safety measures to protect against their ionizing effects. Understanding these two primary types helps in recognizing their characteristics and the safety protocols necessary for environments where they are present.